1. What is
Microprocessor?
It is a
program controlled semiconductor device (IC}, which fetches, decode and
executes instructions.
2. What are the basic units of a microprocessor?
The basic
units or blocks of a microprocessor are ALU, an array of registers and control
unit.
3. What is
Software and Hardware?
The
Software is a set of instructions or commands needed for performing a specific
task by a programmable device or a computing machine.
The
Hardware refers to the components or devices used to form computing machine in
which the software can be run and tested. Without software the Hardware is an
idle machine.
4. What is
assembly language?
The
language in which the mnemonics (short -hand form of instructions) are used to
write a program is called assembly language. The manufacturers of
microprocessor give the mnemonics.
5. What are
machine language and assembly language programs?
The
software developed using 1's and 0's are called machine language, programs. The software developed
using mnemonics are called assembly language programs.
6. What is
the drawback in machine language and assembly language, programs?
The machine
language and assembly language programs are machine dependent. The programs
developed using these languages for a particular machine cannot be directly run
on another machine.
7. Define bit, byte and word.
A digit of
the binary number or code is called bit. Also, the bit is the fundamental
storage unit of computer memory. The 8-bit (8-digit) binary number or code is
called byte and 16-bit binary number or code is called word. (Some
microprocessor manufactures refer the basic data size operated by the processor
as word).
8. What is
a bus?
Bus is a
group of conducting lines that carries data, address and control signals.
9. Why data bus is bi-directional?
The
microprocessor has to fetch (read) the data from memory or input device for
processing and after processing, it has to store (write) the data to memory or
output device. Hence the data bus is bi-directional.
10. Why address bus is unidirectional?
The address
is an identification number used by the microprocessor to identify or access a
memory location or I / O device. It is an output signal from the processor.
Hence the address bus is unidirectional.
11. What
is the function of microprocessor in a system?
The
microprocessor is the master in the system, which controls all the activity of
the system. It issues address and control signals and fetches the instruction
and data from memory. Then it executes the instruction to take appropriate
action.
12. What
are the modes in which 8086 can operate?
The 8086
can operate in two modes and they are minimum (or uniprocessor) mode and
maximum ( or multiprocessor) mode.
13. What
is the data and address size in 8086?
The 8086
can operate on either 8-bit or 16-bit data. The 8086 uses 20 bit address to
access memory and 16-bit address to access 1/0 devices.
14.
Explain the function of M/IO in 8086.
The signal M/IO is used to differentiate memory
address and 1/0 address When the processor is accessing memory locations MI 10 is asserted high and when it is
accessing 1/0 mapped devices it is asserted low.
15. Write
the flags of 8086.
The 8086
has nine flags and they are
1. Carry
Flag (CF) 6. Overflow
Flag (OF)
2. Parity
Flag (PF) 7. Trace Flag
(TF)
3.
Auxiliary carry Flag (AF) 8. Interrupt Flag (IF)
4. Zero
Flag (ZF) 9. Direction Flag (DF)
5. Sign
Flag (SF)
16. What are the interrupts of 8086?
The
interrupts of 8085 are INTR and NMI. The INTR is general maskable interrupt and
NMI is non-maskable interrupt.
17. How
clock signal is generated in 8086? What is the maximum internal clock frequency
of 8086?
The 8086
does not have on-chip clock generation circuit. Hence the clock generator chip,
8284 is connected to the CLK pin of8086. The clock signal supplied by 8284 is
divided by three for internal use. The maximum internal clock frequency of8086
is 5MHz.
18. Write
the special functions carried by the general purpose registers of 8086.
The special
functions carried by the registers of 8086 are the following.
Register
Special function
1. AX
16-bit Accumulator
2. AL 8-bit
Accumulator
3. BX Base
Register
4. CX Count
Register
5. DX .Data
Register
19. What
is pipelined architecture?
In
pipelined architecture the processor will have number of functional units and
the execution time of functional units are overlapped. Each functional unit
works independently most of the time.
20. What
are the functional units available in 8086 architecture?
The bus
interface unit and execution unit are the two functional units available in
8086 architecture.
21. List
the segment registers of 8086.
The segment
registers of 8086 are Code segment, Data segment, Stack segment and Extra
segment registers.
22.
Define machine cycle.
Machine
cycle is defined as the time required to complete one operation of accessing
memory, I/O, or acknowledging an external request. This cycle may consist of
three to six T-states.
23. Define
T-State.
T-State is
defined as one subdivision of the operation performed in one clock period.
These subdivisions are internal states synchronized with the system clock, and
each T-State is precisely equal to one clock period.
24. List
the components of microprocessor (single board microcomputer) based system
The
microprocessor based system consist of microprocessor as CPU, semiconductor
memories like EPROM and RAM, input device, output device and interfacing
devices.
25. Why
interfacing is needed for 1/0 devices?
Generally
I/O devices are slow devices. Therefore the speed of I/O devices does not match
with the speed of microprocessor. And so an interface is provided between system
bus and I/O devices.
26. What
is the difference between CPU bus and system bus?
The CPU bus
has multiplexed lines but the system bus has separate lines for each signal.
(The multiplexed CPU lines are demultiplexed by the CPU interface circuit to
form system bus).
27..What
does memory-mapping mean?
The memory
mapping is the process of interfacing memories to microprocessor and allocating
addresses to each memory locations.
28..What
is interrupt I/0?
If the I/0
device initiate the data transfer through interrupt then the I/0 is called
interrupt driven I/0.
29. Why
EPROM is mapped at the beginning of memory space in 8085 system?
In 8085
microprocessor, after a reset, the program counter will have 0000H address. If
the monitor program is stored from this address then after a reset, it will be
executed automatically. The monitor program is a permanent program and stored
in EPROM memory. If EPROM memory is mapped at the beginning of memory space,
i.e., at 0000H, then the monitor program will be executed automatically after a
reset.
30. What
is the need for system clock and how it is generated in 8085?
The system
clock is necessary for synchronizing various internal operations or devices in
the microprocessor and to synchronize the microprocessor with other peripherals
in the system.
31.What is
DMA?
The direct
data transfer between I/O device and memory is called DMA.
32. What
is the need for Port?
The I/O
devices are generally slow devices and their timing characteristics do not
match with processor timings. Hence the I/O devices are connected to system bus
through the ports.
33.What is
a port?
The port is
a buffered I/O, which is used to hold the data transmitted from the
microprocessor to I/O device or vice-versa.
34.Give
some examples of port devices used in 8085 microprocessor based system?
The various
INTEL I/O port devices used in 8085 microprocessor based system are 8212, 8155,
8156, 8255, 8355 and 8755.
35. Write
a short note on INTEL 8255?
The INTEL
8255 is a I/O port device consisting of 3 numbers of 8 –bit parallel I/O ports.
The ports can be programmed to function either as a input port or as a output
port in different operating modes. It requires 4 internal addresses and has one
logic LOW chip select pin.
36.What is
the drawback in memory mapped I/0?
When I/O
devices are memory mapped, some of the addresses are allotted to I/O devices
and so the full address space cannot be used for addressing memory (i.e.,
physical memory address space will be reduced). Hence memory mapping is useful
only for small systems, where the memory requirement is less.
37. How
DMA is initiated?
When the
I/O device needs a DMA transfer, it will send a DMA request signal to DMA
controller. The DMA controller in turn sends a HOLD request to the processor.
When the processor receives a HOLD request, it will drive its tri-stated pins
to high impedance state at the end of current instruction execution and send an
acknowledge signal to DMA controller. Now the DMA controller will perform DMA
transfer.
38. What
is processor cycle (Machine cycle)?
The
processor cycle or machine cycle is the basic operation performed by the
processor. To execute an instruction, the processor will run one or more
machine cycles in a particular order.
39. What
is Instruction cycle?
The
sequence of operations that a processor has to carry out while executing the
instruction is called Instruction cycle. Each instruction cycle of a processor
indium consists of a number of machine cycles.
40. What
is fetch and execute cycle?
In general,
the instruction cycle of an instruction can be divided into fetch and execute
cycles. The fetch cycle is executed to fetch the opcode from memory. The
execute cycle is executed to decode the instruction and to perform the work
instructed by the instruction.
41.What is
Block and Demand transfer mode DMA?
In Block
transfer mode, the DMA controller will transfer a block of data and relieve the
bus for processor. After sometime another block of data is transferred by DMA
and so on. In Demand transfer mode the DMA controller will complete the entire data
transfer at a stretch and then relieve the bus to processor.
42. What
is the need for timing diagram?
The timing
diagram provides information regarding the status of various signals, when a
machine cycle is executed. The knowledge of timing diagram is essential for
system designer to select matched peripheral devices like memories, latches,
ports, etc., to form a
microprocessor
system.
43. How
many machine cycles constitute one instruction cycle in 8085?
Each
instruction of the 8085 processor consists of one to five machine cycles.
44. Define
opcode and operand.
Opcode
(Operation code) is the part of an instruction / directive that identifies a
specific operation.
Operand is
a part of an instruction / directive that represents a value on which the
instruction acts.
45. What
is opcode fetch cycle?
The opcode
fetch cycle is a machine cycle executed to fetch the opcode of an instruction
stored in memory. Every instruction starts with opcode fetch machine cycle.
46.What
operation is performed during first T -state of every machine cycle in 8085
In 8085,
during the first T -state of every machine cycle the low byte address is
latched into an external latch using ALE signal.
47. Why
status signals are provided in microprocessor?
The status
signals can be used by the system designer to track the internal operations of
the processor. Also, it can be used for memory expansion (by providing separate
memory banks for program & data and selecting the bank using status
signals).
48. How the
8085 processor differentiates a memory access (read/write) and I/0 access
(read/write)?
The memory
access and I/0 access is differentiated using I0/M signal. The 8085 processor
asserts I0/M low for memory read/write operation and I0/M is asserted high for
I/0 read/write operation.
49. When
the 8085 processor checks for an interrupt?
In the
second T -state of the last machine cycle of every instruction, the 8085
processor checks whether an interrupt request is made or not.
50. What
is interrupt acknowledge cycle?
The
interrupt acknowledge cycle is a machine cycle executed by 8085 processor to
get the address of the interrupt service routine in-order to service the
interrupt device.
51. How
the interrupts are affected by system reset?
Whenever
the processor or system is resetted , all the interrupts except TRAP are
disabled. fu order to enable the interrupts, El instruction has to be executed
after a reset.
52. What
is Software interrupts?
The
Software interrupts are program instructions. These instructions are inserted
at desired locations in a program. While running a program, if software
interrupt instruction is encountered then the processor executes an interrupt
service routine.
53. What
is Hardware interrupt?
If an
interrupt is initiated in a processor by an appropriate signal at the interrupt
pin, then the interrupt is called Hardware interrupt.
54. What
is the difference between Hardware and Software interrupt?
The
Software interrupt is initiated by the main program, but the Hardware interrupt
is initiated by an external device.
In 8085,
the Software interrupt cannot be disabled or masked but the Hardware interrupt
except TRAP can be disabled or masked.
55. What
is Vectored and Non- Vectored interrupt?
When an
interrupt is accepted, if the processor control branches to a specific address
defined by the manufacturer then the interrupt is called vectored interrupt.
In
Non-vectored interrupt there is no specific address for storing the interrupt
service routine. Hence the interrupted device should give the address of the
interrupt service routine.
56. List the Software and Hardware interrupts of
8085?
Software interrupts: RST 0, RST l, RST 2,
RST
3, RST 4, RST 5,
RST
6 and RST 7.
Hardware interrupts: TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5,
RST
5.5 and INTR.
57. What
is TRAP?
The TRAP is
non-maskable interrupt of8085. It is not disabled by processor reset or after
reorganization of interrupt.
58.
Whether HOLD has higher priority than TRAP or not?
The
interrupts including mAP are recognized only if the HOLD is not valid, hence
TRAP has lower priority than HOLD.
59. What
is masking and why it is required?
Masking is
preventing the interrupt from disturbing the current program execution. When
the processor is performing an important job (process) and if the process
should not be interrupted then all the interrupts should be masked or disabled.
In processor with multiple 'interrupts, the lower priority interrupt can be
masked so as to prevent it from interrupting, the execution of interrupt
service routine of higher priority interrupt.
60. When
the 8085 processor accept hardware interrupt?
The
processor keeps on checking the interrupt pins at the second T-state of last
Machine cycle of every instruction. If the processor finds a valid interrupt
signal and if the interrupt is unmasked and enabled then the processor accepts
the interrupt. The acceptance of the interrupt is acknowledged by sending an
OOA signal to the interrupted device.
61. When the 8085 processor will
disable the interrupt system?
The interrupts
of 8085 except TRAP are disabled after anyone of the following operations
1.
Executing El instruction.
2. System
or processor reset.
3. After
reorganization (acceptance) of an interrupt.
62. What
is the function performed by Dl instruction?
The function
of Dl instruction is to enable the disabled interrupt system.
63. What
is the function performed by El instruction?
The El
instruction can be used to enable the interrupts after disabling.
64. How
the vector address is generated for the INTR interrupt of 8085?
For the
interrupt INTR, the interrupting device has to place either RST opcode or CALL
opcode followed by l6-bit address. I~RST opcode is placed then the
corresponding vector address is generated by the processor. In case of CALL
opcode the given l6-bit address will be the vector address.
65. How
clock signals are generated in 8085 and what is the frequency of the internal
clock?
The 8085
has the clock generation circuit on the chip but an external quartz crystal or
L C circuit or RC circuit should be connected at the pins XI and X2. The
maximum internal clock frequency of 8085A is 3.03 MHz.
66. What
happens to the 8085 processor when it is resetted?
When the
8085 processor is resetted it execute the first instruction at the 0000H
location. The 8085 resets (clears) instruction register, interrupt mask bits
and other registers.
67. What
are the operations performed by ALU of 8085?
The
operations performed by ALU of 8085 are Addition, Subtraction, Logical AND, OR,
Exclusive OR, Compare Complement, Increment, Decrement and Left/Right shift
68. What
is a flag?
Flag is a
flip flop used to store the information about the status of the processor and
the status of the instruction executed most recently.
69. List
the flags of 8085
There are
five flags in 8085. They are sign flag, zero flag, Auxiliary carry flag, parity
flag and carry flag.
70. What
is the Hardware interrupts of 8085?
The
hardware interrupts in 8085 are TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5 and RST 5,5. 41.
71.Which
interrupt has highest priority in 8085?What is the priority of other
interrupts?
The TRAP
has the highest priority, followed by RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5 and INTR.
72 What is
an ALE?
The ALE
(Address Latch Enable) is a signal used to demultiplex the address and data
lines, using an external latch. It is used to enable the external latch.
73.
Explain the function of IO/M in 8085.
The IO/M is
used to differentiate memory access and I/O access. For IN and OUT instruction
it is high. For memory reference instructions it is low.
74. Where
is the READY signal used?
READY is an
input signal to the processor, used by the memory or I/O devices to get extra
time for data transfer or to introduce wait states in the bus cycles.
75. What
is HOLD and HLDA and how it is used?
Hold and
hold acknowledge signals are used for the Direct Memory Access (DMA) type of
data transfer. The DMA controller place a high on HOLD pin in order to take
control of the system bus. The HOLD request is acknowledged by the 8085 by
driving all its tristated pins to high impedance state and asserting HLDA
signal high.
76.What
is Polling?
Polling is
a scheme or an algorithm to identify the devices interrupting the processor.
Polling is employed when multiple devices interrupt the processor through one
interrupt pin of the processor.
77. What
are the different types of Polling?
The polling
can be classified into software and hardware polling. In software polling the
entire polling process is govern by a program. In hardware polling, the
hardware takes care of checking the status of interrupting devices and allowing
one by one to the processor.
78.What is
the need for interrupt controller?
The
interrupt controller is employed to expand the interrupt inputs. It can handle
the interrupt request from various devices and allow one by one to the
processor.
79. List
some of the features of INTEL 8259 (Programmable Interrupt Controller)
1. It
manage eight interrupt request
2. The
interrupt vector addresses are programmable.
3. The
priorities of interrupts are programmable.
4. The
interrupt can be masked or unmasked individually.
80. What
is a programmable peripheral device ?
If the
functions performed by a peripheral device can be altered or changed by a
program instruction then the peripheral device is called programmable device.Usually
the programmable devices will have control registers. The device can be
programmed by sending control word in the prescribed format to the control
register.
81. What
is synchronous data transfer scheme?
For
synchronous data transfer scheme, the processor does not check the readiness of
the device after a command have been issued for read/write operation. for this
scheme the processor will request the device to get ready and then read/write.ie
to the device immediately after the request. In some synchronous schemes a
small delay is
allowed
after the request.
82. What
is asynchronous data transfer scheme?
In
asynchronous data transfer scheme, first the processor sends a request to the
device for read/write operation. Then the processor keeps on polling the status
of the device. Once the device is ready, the processor execute a data transfer
instruction to complete the process.
83. What
are the operating modes of 8212?
The 8212
can be hardwired to work either as a latch or tri-state buffer. If mode (MD)
pin is tied HIGH then it will work as a latch and so it can be used as output
port. If mode (MD) pin is tied LOW then it work as tri- state buffer and so it
can be used as input port.
84.
Explain the working of a handshake output port
In
handshake output operation, the processor will load a data to port. When the
port receives the data, it will inform the output device to collect the data.
Once the output device accepts the data, the port will inform the processor
that it is empty. Now the processor can load another data to port and the above
process is repeated.
85.What
are the internal devices of 8255 ?
The
internal devices of 8255 are port-A, port-B and port-C. The ports can be
programmed for either input or output function in different operating modes.
86. What is baud rate?
The baud
rate is the rate at which the serial data are transmitted. Baud rate is defined as l /(The time for a bit
cell). In some systems one bit cell has one data bit, then the baud rate and
bits/sec are same.
87. What
is USART?
The device
which can be programmed to perform Synchronous or Asynchronous serial
communication is called USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter). The INTEL 8251A is an example of USART.
88. What
are the functions performed by INTEL 8251A?
The INTEL
825lA is used for converting parallel data to serial or vice versa. The data
transmission or reception can be either asynchronously or synchronously. The
8251A can be used to interface MODEM and establish serial communication through
MODEM over telephone lines.
89. What
is an Interrupt?
Interrupt
is a signal send by an external device to the processor so as to request the
processor to perform a particular task or work.
90. What
are the control words of 8251A and what are its functions ?
The control
words of 8251A are Mode word and Command word. The mode word informs 8251 about
the baud rate, character length, parity and stop bits. The command word can be
send to enable the data transmission and reception.
91. What
are the information that can be obtained from the status word of
8251 ?
The status
word can be read by the CPU to check the readiness of the transmitter or
receiver and to check the character synchronization in synchronous reception.
It also provides information regarding various errors in the data received. The
various error conditions that can be checked from the status word are parity
error, overrun error and framing error.
92. Give
some examples of input devices to microprocessor-based system.
The input
devices used in the microprocessor-based system are Keyboards, DIP switches,
ADC, Floppy disc, etc.
93. What
are the tasks involved in keyboard interface?
The task
involved in keyboard interfacing are sensing a key actuation, Debouncing the
key and Generating key codes (Decoding the key). These task are performed
software if the keyboard is interfaced through ports and they are performed by
hardware if the keyboard is interfaced through 8279.
94. How a
keyboard matrix is formed in keyboard interface using 8279?
The return
lines, RL0 to RL7 of 8279 are used to form the columns of keyboard matrix. In
decoded scan the scan lines SLo to SL3 of 8279 are used to form the rows of
keyboard matrix. In encoded scan mode, the output lines of external decoder are
used as rows of keyboard matrix.
95. What
is scanning in keyboard and what is scan time?
The process
of sending a zero to each row of a keyboard matrix and reading the columns for
key actuation is called scanning. The scan time is the time taken by the
processor to scan all the rows one by one starting from first row and coming
back to the first row again.
96. What
is scanning in display and what is the scan time?
In display
devices, the process of sending display codes to 7 –segment LEDs to display the
LEDs one by one is called scanning ( or multiplexed display). The scan time is
the time taken to display all the 7-segment LEDs one by one, starting from
first LED and coming back to the first LED again.
97. What
are the internal devices of a typical DAC?
The
internal devices of a DAC are R/2R resistive network, an internal latch and
current to voltage converting amplifier.
98. What
is settling or conversion time in DAC?
The time
taken by the DAC to convert a given digital data to corresponding analog signal
is called conversion time.
99. What
are the different types of ADC?
The
different types of ADC are successive approximation ADC, counter type ADC flash
type ADC, integrator converters and voltageto-frequency converters.
100.
Define stack
Stack is a
sequence of RAM memory locations defined by the programmer.
101. What
is program counter? How is it useful in program execution?
The program
counter keeps track of program execution. To execute a program the starting
address of the program is loaded in program counter. The PC sends out an
address to fetch a byte of instruction from memory and increments its content
automatically.
102. How
the microprocessor is synchronized with peripherals?
The timing
and control unit synchronizes all the microprocessor operations with clock and
generates control signals necessary for communication between the
microprocessor and peripherals.
103. What
is a minimum system and how it is formed in 8085?
A minimum
system is one which is formed using minimum number of IC chips, The 8085 based
minimum system is formed using 8155,8355 and 8755.
104. What
is mean by microcontroller
A device
which contains the microprocessor with integrated peripherals like memory,
serial ports, parallel ports, timer/counter, interrupt controller, data
acquisition interfaces like ADC, DAC is called microcontroller.
105.List the features of 8051
microcontroller?
The
features are
- single_supply +5 volt operation using HMOS technology.
- 4096 bytes program memory on chip(not on 8031)
- 128 data memory on chip.
- Four register banks.
- Two multiple mode,16-bit timer/counter.
- Extensive boolean processing capabilities.
- 64 KB external RAM size
- 32 bidirectional individually addressible I/O lines.
- 8 bit CPU optimized for control applications.
106.Explain the operating mode0 of
8051 serial ports?
In this
mode serial enters &exits through RXD, TXD outputs the shift clock.8 bits
are transmitted/received:8 data bits(LSB first).The baud rate is fixed at 1/12
the oscillator frequency.
107 Explain the operating mode2 of
8051 serial ports?
In this
mode 11 bits are transmitted(through TXD)or received (through RXD):a start
bit(0), 8 data bits(LSB first),a programmable 9th data bit ,& a stop
bit(1).ON transmit the 9th data bit (TB* in SCON) can be assigned the value of
0 or 1.Or for eg:, the parity bit(P, in the PSW) could be moved into TB8. On
receive the 9th data bit go in to the RB8 in Special Function Register SCON,
while the stop bit is ignored. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64
the oscillator frequency.
108. Explain the mode3 of 8051 serial
ports?
In this
mode,11 bits are transmitted(through TXD) or received(through RXD):a start
bit(0), 8 data bits(LSB first),a programmable 9th data bit ,& a stop
bit(1).In fact ,Mode3 is the same as Mode2 in all respects except the baud
rate. The baud rate in Mode3 is variable. In all the four modes, transmission
is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register.
Reception is initiated in Mode0 by the condition RI=0&REN=1.Reception is
initiated in other modes by the incoming start bit if REN=1.
109.Explain the interrupts of 8051
microcontroller?
The
interrupts are:
110.Write A program to perfom
multiplication of 2 nos using 8051?
MOV A,#data
1
MOV B,#data
2
MUL AB
MOV
DPTR,#5000
MOV
@DPTR,A(lower value)
INC DPTR
MOV A,B
MOVX @
DPTR,A
111.Write a program to mask the 0th
&7th bit using 8051?
MOV A,#data
ANL A,#81
MOV
DPTR,#4500
MOVX
@DPTR,A
LOOP SJMP LOOP
112. List the addressing modes of
8051?
• Direct addressing
• Register addressing
• Register indirect addressing.
• Implicit addressing
• Immediate addressing
• Index addressing
• Bit addressing
113. Write about CALL statement in
8051?
There are
two subroutine CALL instructions. They are
*LCALL(Long
CALL)
*ACALL(Absolute
CALL)
Each
increments the PC to the 1st byte of the instruction & pushes them in to
the stack.
114. Write about the jump statement?
There are
three forms of jump. They are
LJMP(Long jump)-address 16
AJMP(Absolute Jump)-address 11
SJMP(Short Jump)-relative address
115. Write program to load accumulator
,DPH,&DPL using 8051?
MOV A,#30
MOV DPH,A
MOV DPL,A
116. Write a program to find the 2’s
complement using 8051?
MOV A,R0
CPL A
INC A
117. Write a program to add 2 8-bit
numbers using 8051?
MOV A,#30H
ADD A,#50H
118. Write a program to swap two
numbers using 8051?
MOV A,
#data
SWAP A
119. Write a program to subtract 2
8-bit numbers &exchange the digits using 8051?
MOV A,#9F
MOV R0,#40
SUBB A,R0
SWAP A
120. Write a program to subtract the
contents of R1 of Bank 0from the contents of R0 of Bank 2 using 8051?
MOV PSW,#10
MOV A,R0
MOV PSW,#00
SUBB A,R1
Part
B
1.
Draw & explain the architecture of 8085 microprocessor
• Block Diagram
• Registers Available
• Function Of Accumulator
• Explanation about all blocks in the block diagram
2.
Draw the Pin Diagram of 8085 and explain the function of various signals.
• Pin Diagram
• Explanation about all signals
3.
Explain the instruction classification & instruction sets
• Data Transfer Instructions
• Arithmetic Instructions
• Logical Instructions
• Branch Instructions
• Machine Control Instructions
4.
Write a program to sort the numbers in ascending and descending order.
• Program
• Result Verification
5.Draw
the timing diagram of the following Instructions
• PUSH
• IN Port A
• STA 5000
• MVI A, 08
• Explain the machine cycles needed for every Instructions and draw
the timing diagram
6.
Explain the 8085 based microcomputer system
7.
With neat sketch explain the functions of 8255 PPI.
• Block Diagram
• Explanation about all the ports available.
• Explanation about the modes of transfer
• Explain the control Word Register
8.
With neat sketch explain the functions of 8251.
• Block Diagram
• Types of data transfer
• Explanation about all the blocks.
• Explain the control Word Register, Status Register
9.
With neat sketch explain the function of DMA contoller.
• Block Diagram
• Explanation about all blocks in the block diagram
10.With
neat sketch explain the function of Programmable Interrupt Controller.
• Block Diagram
• Explanation about all blocks in the block diagram
11.With
neat sketch explain the function of Keyboard and display controller.
• Block Diagram
• Types of Display Available
• Types of keys available
• Explanation about all blocks in the block diagram
12.
With neat sketch explain the function of A/D converter.
• Fundamental steps
• Figure
• Explain the functions.
13.
With neat sketch explain the function of D/A converter.
• Fundamental steps
• Figure
• Explain the functions.
14.With
neat sketch explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller.
• Block Diagram
• Explanation about all blocks in the block diagram
15.
Draw the Pin Diagram of 8051 and explain the function of various signals.
• Pin Diagram
• Explanation about all signals
16.
List the various Instruction available in 8051 microcontroller.
• Data Transfer Instructions
• Arithmetic Instructions
• Logical Instructions
• Boolean variable Manipulation Instructions
• Program and Machine Control Instructions
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